By: Tariq Malik
Published: 03/07/2012 07:31 AM EST on SPACE.com
The sun unleashed a cosmic double whammy Tuesday (March 6), erupting
with two major flares to cap a busy day of powerful solar storms. One
of the flares is the most powerful solar eruption of the year, so far.
Both of the huge flares ranked as X-class storms, the strongest type of
solar flares the sun can have.
They followed several weaker, but still
powerful, sun storms on Tuesday and came just days after another major solar flare on Sunday night.
The first big solar storm was also the most powerful one, ranking as an
X5.4-class flare after erupting at 7:02 p.m. EST (0002 March 7 GMT),
according to an alert from the Space Weather Prediction Center operated
by the National Weather Service. It is the strongest solar flare yet for
2012.
The second event occurred just over an hour later, reaching a maximum strength of X1.3.
y Phillips wrote on his website Spaceweather.com,
which monitors space weather events. "Our best guess is 'probably, yes,
but not directly toward Earth.' A glancing blow to our planet's
magnetosphere is possible on March 8th or 9th." [Worst Solar Storms in History]
According to Phillips, the big X5.4 solar flare erupted from the giant
active sunspot AR1429, which was also responsible for the major sun
storm on Sunday.
When aimed directly at Earth, X-class
solar flares can endanger astronauts and satellites in orbit, interfere
with satellite communications and damage power grids on Earth. They can
also amplify the Earth's display of northern and southern lights,
also known as auroras.
Charged particles from the solar storms can
interact with Earth's upper atmosphere, resulting in a glow that is
typically visible to observers at high northern or southern latitudes.
Astronomers rank solar flares by strength using five categories: A, B,
C, M and X. The A-class flares are the weakest sun storms, while the
X-class events are the most powerful solar flares.
This ranking
system was designed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration and resembles the Richter scale used for earthquakes in
that each category is 10 times stronger than the one before it, NASA
officials have said. So a B-class solar flare is 10 times stronger than
an A-class event, while a C-class solar storm releases 10 times more
energy than B-class flare (or 100 times more energy than an A-class
event).
The categories are also broken down into subsets, from 1
to 9, to pinpoint a solar flare's strength. Only X-class solar flares
have subcategories that go higher than 9. The most powerful solar flare
on record occurred in 2003 and was estimated to be an X28 on the solar
flare scale, NASA officials said.
Tuesday's X-class solar
flares followed a string of other eruptions that included M-class and
C-class events, space weather officials said. Both of the day's X-class
sun storms were stronger than the X1.1 solar flare of March 5.
Prior to this week, the only huge solar flare of 2012 occurred on Jan. 27, when the sun unleashed an X1.7-class eruption.
The sun is currently going through an active phase of its 11-year
weather cycle. The current cycle is known as Solar Cycle 24 and is
expected to reach its peak level of activity in 2013, NASA officials
have said.